外源性胆绿素对中波紫外线诱导的角质形成细胞光损伤的保护作用和机制

【摘要】 目的 探讨外源性胆绿素对中波紫外线（UVB）照射的HaCaT细胞光损伤的保护作用。方法 将HaCaT细胞分为加入0、0.1、1、10 μmol/L胆绿素并照射UVB的UVB组、0.1 μmol/L UVB组、1 μmol/L UVB组、10 μmol/L UVB组及不做处理的对照组。UVB照射剂量为30 mJ/cm2，照射后继续培养24 h，分别检测细胞活性氧（ROS）水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量，ELISA法检测各组细胞的炎症因子白细胞介素6（IL-6）、IL-8水平。多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析，组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 UVB组、0.1 μmol/L UVB 组、1 μmol/L UVB组、10 μmol/L UVB组、对照组细胞ROS水平（3 613.33 ± 206.61、2 958.67 ± 193.87、2 678.33 ± 178.24、2 274.67 ± 118.81、1 905.67 ± 250.25）、SOD活力（24.41 ± 1.78、28.96 ± 2.21、29.75 ± 1.75、30.19 ± 2.29、37.52 ± 2.31）、MDA含量（5.61 ± 0.32、5.46 ± 0.55、4.65 ± 0.22、2.55 ± 0.93、1.31 ± 0.05）、IL-6水平、IL-8水平差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为 34.02、57.36、214.09、29.73、11.40，均P < 0.05），UVB组ROS水平、MDA含量及IL-6、IL-8水平均高于另4组（均P < 0.05），SOD活力均低于另4组（均P < 0.05）。结论 外源性胆绿素减轻UVB引起的HaCaT细胞的氧化损伤、减轻炎症反应和抑制脂质过氧化作用，对细胞光损伤有一定的保护作用。     

The role of immune mechanisms in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a 2015 update

So far, innate immune mechanisms have been recognized as the main responsible for the evolution of both alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, increasing evidence points toward the possible role of adaptive immune responses, as an additional factor in promoting hepatic inflammation in steatohepatitis. In this article, we discuss recent data involving circulating antibodies and lymphocyte-mediated responses in sustaining the progression of ASH and NASH to fibrosis, as well as the possible mechanisms implicated in favoring the onset of adaptive immunity in the setting of steatohepatitis.     

Alteration of protein profile in cerebral cortex of rats exposed to bisphenol a: a proteomics study

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemicals in plastic industry, which enters the human body through occupational and food contact. We studied the protein changes in rat cerebral cortex to evaluate the neurotoxicity of BPA. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups and each group respectively received 0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg of BPA for 4 weeks orally. To determine the oxidative status, reduced glutathione content and the level of malondialdehyde were measured in brain cortical tissue. The proteins of each sample extracted and separated on a two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the obtained protein map, the 10 most altered protein spots were used for mass spectroscopy analysis. The lipid peroxidation in both doses of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg was significantly higher than the control group, but the glutathione content had no significant difference between the groups. Based on the results of the MS data analysis by the MASCOT database search engine, 10 proteins with altered intensity were identified as pyruvate kinase, alpha-enolase, aconitate hydratase, creatine kinase B-type, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1, 14-3-3 protein eta, guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2, glutamine synthetase and the neurofilament light polypeptide. There are several reports suggesting that the increase or decrease in the level and activity of these 10 proteins, similar to those observed in this study, is related to some neurological and psychosocial disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy and some brain tumors.     

Effect of size and shape on toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The multi-industrial applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) lead to increasing exposure to humans. Though the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity had been evaluated previously, toxicity of other forms of ZnO nanomaterials has not been evaluated. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four different types of ZnO NMs were evaluated using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). In addition, the effect of anti-oxidants on ZnO NMs induced toxicity was also evaluated. Our results suggest that, size and shape of the nanomaterials have profound effects on their toxicity. The NPs and nanorods (NRs) possessed higher level of oxidative potential and ROS generation capacity than microparticles (MPs) and microrods (MRs). In contrast, MPs and MRs possessed higher level of lipid peroxidation capacity. The smaller NPs are more genotoxic while larger MPs and MRs were more cytotoxic in nature. Treatment with vitamin C or Quercetin significantly reduces the genotoxicity associated with ZnO NMs. The influence of size and shape in mediating NMs toxicity should be taken into account and the possible supplementation of anti-oxidants might mitigate the toxicity.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced inhalation toxicity: Recognizing nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog as an ameliorating candidate

Human beings and ecosystems are being possibly exposed to CNTs, as there is a rise in global production rate of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This may affect the health of humans and increases the environmental risk. We have already reported the pulmonary toxicity due to the inhalation of MWCNTs. We claim that a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may ameliorate the CNT-induced toxic effect. With this view, we have investigated the ameliorative effect of intravenously-administered nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) against MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity by examining the lung histopathology for inflammatory cell dynamics, pulmonary remodeling and estimating the inflammatory biomarkers in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We observed that NBDMCA could ameliorate the injury as evidenced by the decline in the levels of markers of inflammation, cell damage, and the histopathological changes induced by MWCNTs. We conclude that NBDMCA may be used to reduce the risk of MWCNTs-induced inhalation toxicity.     

Increased oxidative stress and damage in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Objective To investigate whether chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP） increases oxidative stress and damage in patients with CBP, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty patients with CBP and 80 healthy adults as controls were enrolled in a case-control study, in which levels of nitric oxide （NO）, vitamin C （VC）, and vitamin E （VE） in plasma, as well as malondialdehyde （MDA）, activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and eatalase （CAT） in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with the average values of NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in the healthy control group, those of plasma N O and erythrocyte MDA in the CBP group were significantly increased （P〈0.00 1）, and those of plasma VC and VE as well as erythrocyte SOD and CAT in the CBP group were significantly decreased （P〈0.001）. Findings from partial correlation analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in 80 patients with CBP, adjusted for age, suggested that with prolonged course of the disease, values of NO and MDA were gradually increased （P〈0.001）, and those of VC, VE, SOD, and CAT were gradually decreased （P〈0.05-0.001）. The findings from stepwise regression analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in CBP group suggested that the model of stepwise regression was Y = -19.1160 ＋0.3112MDA ＋ 0.0337NO, F = 22.1734, P〈0.001, r = 0.6045, P〈0.001. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, SOD, CAT, NO, and MDA in the CBP group showed that the reliability coefficients＇ alpha （6 items） was 0.7195, P〈0.0001, and the standardized item alpha was 0.9307, P〈0.0001. Conclusion There exist increased oxidative stress and damage induced by chronic bacterial prostatitis in patients, and such a phenomenon is closely related to the course of disease.     

【原创论文】同侧和对侧大鼠睾丸缺血再灌注损伤的生化效应和褪黑激素对此的保护作用

睾丸扭转（TT）,是一个多发于青春期男性的泌尿急症,如果不及时治疗,可致不孕不育。睾丸扭转所致缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤在睾丸损伤的病理生理过程中起一定作用。我们研究了褪黑激素在单侧睾丸扭转大鼠中同侧和对侧睾丸的氧化损伤效应：将21只青春期雄性Wistar大鼠分成三组,每组七只,处理如下：第1组（假手术组）：行左睾丸和双边睾丸假切除术;第2组（I/R组）：通过以下方式诱发缺血再灌注损伤（顺时针720°旋转左侧睾丸2小时,2小时后复位）：第3组（I／R＋MEL组）：大鼠经诱导缺血再灌注损伤和一次性褪黑激素注射（50mgkg-1,i．p）。处理后离体分离各组大鼠双侧睾丸,用于检测睾丸组织中抗氧化过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,丙二醛、蛋白质羰基和一氧化氮的组织水平。较对照组,褪黑激素注射组同侧睾丸的脂质过氧化水平,相关酶活性降低,具有显著性（P〈0．05）,而在对侧的睾丸中相关酶活性变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在对侧睾丸中,丙二醛水平改变具有明显统计学意义（P=0．009）。应用褪黑素能减轻老鼠同侧睾丸扭转所致缺血再灌注损伤的不利影响,而对于对侧睾丸,睾丸扭转影响不大。     

肿瘤坏死因子可致机体脂质过氧化损伤

采用ＳＤ大鼠持续泵入人工重组肿瘤坏死因子。型（ｒｈ－ＴＮＦ－ａ），以６×１０￣５Ｕ·ｋｇ￣－１／ｄ速度作用７２ｈ，观察血浆及组织丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，全血和组织超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性，组织超弱发光和白细胞吞噬发光的变化。结果：血浆及组织ＭＤＡ含量明显增加，全血ＳＯＤ活性显著下降，组织ＳＯＤ活性所受影响较小，肾、肠组织超弱发光明显增强，白细胞吞噬发光无明显变化。实验表明：持续７２ｈ泵入ＴＮＦ作用于大鼠，可使机体自由基产生增加，自由基清除系统部分受损，而导致脂质过氧化损伤，但对分叶核粒细胞的呼吸爆发作用无明显影响。     

Amino acids levels and lipid peroxidation in maple syrup urine disease patients

Objective

In the present study we correlated the amino acids, branched-chain α-keto acids and α-hydroxy acids levels with the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) measurement, a lipid peroxidation parameter, in plasma from treated MSUD patients in order to examine whether these accumulated metabolites could be associated to the oxidative stress present in MSUD.

Design and methods

TBARS, amino acids, branched-chain α-keto acids and α-hydroxy acids concentrations were measured in plasma samples from treated MSUD patients.

Results

We verified that plasma TBARS was increased, whereas tryptophan and methionine concentrations were significantly reduced. Furthermore TBARS measurement was inversely correlated to methionine and tryptophan levels.

Conclusions

Considering that methionine and tryptophan have antioxidant activities, the data suggest that the imbalance of these amino acids may be involved with lipid peroxidation in MSUD.     

癌症患者血中氧化应激标记物的实验室评价

目的评价癌症患者血中氧化应激标志物状况。方法测定111例癌症患者和36例健康对照血中丙二醛(MDA)和抗氧化标志物谷胱苷肽、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、维生素E、维生素C及总抗氧化力浓度。结果癌症患者脂质过氧化产物MDA浓度明显高于健康对照(5.21±1.05nmol/L相对4.04±0.68nmol/L,P<0.001),而机体总抗氧化能力明显低于健康对照(4.39±0.98U/L相对5.78±0.93U/L,P<0.001),但内源性抗氧化标志物(谷胱苷肽、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、维生素E和维生素C)无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论癌症患者体内脂质过氧化水平增高,总抗氧化能力下降。内源性抗氧化标志物谷胱苷肽、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、维生素E和维生素C无明显变化。